Neurosurgery

Neurological Surgery is a discipline of medicine and that specialty of surgery which provides the operative and nonoperative management (ie, prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care, and rehabilitation) of disorders of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their supporting structures and vascular supply; the evaluation and treatment of pathological processes that modify the function or activity of the nervous system, including the hypophysis: and the operative and nonoperative management of pain. As such, neurological surgery encompasses the surgical, nonsurgical and stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of adult and pediatric patients with disorders of the nervous system: disorders of the brain, meninges, skull base, and their blood supply, including the surgical and endovascular treatment of disorders of the intracranial and extracranial vasculature supplying the brain and spinal cord; disorders of the pituitary gland; disorders of the spinal cord, meninges, and vertebral column, including those that may require treatment by fusion, instrumentation, or endovascular techniques; and disorders of the cranial and spinal nerves throughout their distribution.

Conditions treated by neurosurgeons include:

Spinal disc herniation

Spinal stenosis

Hydrocephalus

Head trauma (brain hemorrhages, skull fractures, etc.)

Spinal cord trauma

Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves

Brain tumors

Tumors of the spine, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Cerebral aneurysms

Some forms of hemorrhagic stroke, such as subarachnoid hemorrhages, as well as intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages

Some forms of pharmacologically resistant epilepsy

Some forms of movement disorders (advanced Parkinson's disease, chorea, hemiballism) - this involves the use of specially developed minimally invasive stereotactic techniques (functional, stereotactic neurosurgery)

Intractable pain of cancer or trauma patients and cranial/peripheral nerve pain

Some forms of intractable psychiatric disorders

Malformations of the nervous system

Carotid artery stenosis

Vascular malformations of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral neuropathies such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and ulnar neuropathy

Moyamoya disease

Congenital malformations of the nervous system, including spina bifida and craniosynostosis.

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